Format Number Of Digits Python

Converts the integer to the corresponding unicode character earlier than printing.'d'Decimal Integer. Outputs the wide variety in base 16, making use of lower- case letters for the digits above 9.'X'Hex format. Outputs the wide variety in base 16, making use of upper- case letters for the digits above 9.'n'Number. When doing so, float() is used to transform the integer to a floating level wide variety earlier than formatting. A burning query for Python newbies coming from C, Perl, Bash or different programming languages who've this assertion or function.

To reply "Python has a print operate and no printf function" is just one aspect of the coin or half of the truth. One can go so far as to say that this reply is simply not true. No, however the performance of the "ancient" printf is contained in Python. To this objective the modulo operator "%" is overloaded by the string class to carry out string formatting. Therefore, it's usually referred to as string modulo operator, even though it has not a great deal in standard with the exact modulo calculation on numbers. Another time period for it's "string interpolation", since it interpolates numerous class sorts right into a formatted string.

In many instances the string created by means of the string interpolation mechanism is used for outputting values in a exceptional way. But it may even be used, for example, to create the perfect format to place the info appropriate into a database. Since Python 2.6 has been introduced, the string process format ought to be used as opposed to this old-style formatting. Unfortunately, string modulo "%" remains to be accessible in Python3 and what's even worse, it remains to be generally used. That's why we cowl it in wonderful element on this tutorial. You ought to be in a position to understanding it, once you encounter it in some Python code.

However, it really is extremely seemingly that at some level this previous kind of formatting will probably be faraway from the language. For example, %f converts floating-point values to textual content employing fixed-point notation. With ordinary conversion functions, comparable to num2str and sprintf. These operators manage notation, alignment, important digits, and so on. They are identical to these utilized by the printf perform within the C programming language.

Typical makes use of for formatted textual content contain textual content for monitor and output files. For non-number varieties the sector shows the utmost subject measurement - in different words, what percentage characters will probably be used from the sector content. If present, it specifies that the output will probably be prefixed by '0b', '0o', or '0x', respectively.','The ',' possibility alerts using a comma for a 1000's separator.

For a locale conscious separator, use the 'n' integer presentation style instead. Each quantity format style has its very own set of obtainable formatting options. "Format specifications" are used inside alternative fields contained inside a format string to outline how particular person values are introduced . Each formattable style could outline how the format specification is to be interpreted. The determine illustrates how the sector width and precision settings have an effect on the output of the formatting functions.

In this figure, the zero following the percent check within the formatting operator means to add main zeroes to the output textual content other than area characters. By default, features reminiscent of sprintf insert values from enter arguments into the output textual content in sequential order. To course of the enter arguments in a nonsequential order, specify the order employing numeric identifiers within the format specifier. Specify nonsequential arguments with an integer without delay following the percent sign, observed by a $ sign.

The subtype area is a single alphabetic character that without delay precedes the conversion character. Without the subtype field, the conversion characters %o, %x, %X, and %u deal with enter info as integers. To deal with enter info as floating-point values as a substitute and convert them to octal, decimal, or hexadecimal representations, use certainly one of following subtype specifiers. You can additionally specify area width and precision as values from a nonsequential argument list, applying an alternate syntax proven within the figure.

Within the formatting operator, specify the sector width and precision with asterisks that comply with numbered identifiers and $ signs. Specify the values of the sector width and precision with enter arguments that comply with the format specifier. The modulo operator helps r and a conversion varieties to drive conversion by repr() and ascii(), respectively.

Python's .format() system doesn't help r and a presentation types, however one can accomplish the identical factor with the ! On the suitable aspect of %we use tuple to include our values. %dand %.2f are referred to as as format specifiers, they start with %followed by character that represents the info type.

For e.g %d format specifier is a placeholder for a integer, equally %.2f is a placeholder for floating level number. Field is determined by the worth sort and determines the variety of characters to be displayed, the variety of decimal places, or the variety of serious digits. The description of every affected sort is furnished within the desk below. Unlike width specification, precision specification may trigger both truncation of the output worth or rounding of a floating-point value.

The conversion style refers back to the the single-character style code that Python uses. The codes that we'll be utilizing listed right here are s for string, d to monitor decimal integers (10-base), and f which we'll use to monitor floats with decimal places. You can learn extra concerning the Format-Specification Mini-Language by Python 3's official documentation. We can incorporate extra parameters inside the curly braces of our syntax. In sammy_string we added four pairs of curly braces as placeholders for variable substitution.

We then handed four values into the str.format() method, mixing string and integer info types. The subject width in a formatting operator is a nonnegative integer that specifies the variety of digits or characters within the output when formatting enter values. For example, within the operator %7.3f, the sector width is 7.

A formatting operator can have six fields, as proven within the figure. From proper to left, the fields are the conversion character, subtype, precision, subject width, flags, and numeric identifier. In fact, the requirement that each one positional arguments seem earlier than any key phrase arguments doesn't apply solely to Python format methods. This is usually true of any perform or way call. You'll study extra about this within the subsequent tutorial on this series, which explores features and performance calls.

When you employ Python to format strings with positional arguments, you will need to pick from both automated or specific alternative area numbering. In the earlier tutorial on this introductory series, you discovered the best means to format string knowledge employing the string modulo operator. The string modulo operator is useful, and it's good that you simply should be accustomed to it when you consider that you're extra probably to come across it in older Python code. However, there are two newer methods you could use Python to format strings which might be arguably extra preferable.

We will assign a floating quantity to a variable num and print the worth of num with decimal digits as much as a hard and fast width. Notice that at the same time passing the worth of num to the print declaration with format specifier %.4f, we're utilizing %num. Note that a lot of the columns in our Survey statistics are of kind int64. But the load column is a floating level worth which suggests it consists of decimals. The species_id and intercourse columns are objects which suggests they include strings. Formatters work by placing in a quantity of alternative fields or placeholders — outlined by a pair of curly braces — right into a string and calling the str.format() method.

You'll move into the tactic the worth you desire to concatenate with the string. This worth shall be handed by within the identical place that your placeholder is positioned once you run the program. However, the modulo operator does enable decimal integer conversion with any of the d, i, and u types.

Only the d presentation kind signifies decimal integer conversion with the Python .format() method. The i and u presentation varieties aren't supported and aren't virtually necessary. You can use the DecimalFormat class to format decimal numbers into locale-specific strings. This class lets you manipulate the show of main and trailing zeros, prefixes and suffixes, grouping separators, and the decimal separator. If you should change formatting symbols, corresponding to the decimal separator, you need to use the DecimalFormatSymbols along side the DecimalFormat class.

These courses supply a substantial amount of flexibility within the formatting of numbers, however they will make your code extra complex. The first procedure makes use of the format string function in Python 3+. The format of particular person columns and rows will affect evaluation carried out on a dataset examine into Python. For example, you can't carry out mathematical calculations on a string . This could sound obvious, nevertheless now and again numeric values are examine into Python as strings. In this situation, while you then attempt to carry out calculations on the string-formatted numeric data, you get an error.

A format_spec subject may embody nested alternative fields in selected positions inside it. These nested alternative fields can include solely an argument id; format specs should not allowed. This permits the formatting of a worth to be dynamically specified.

The precision area in a formatting operator is a nonnegative integer that promptly follows a period. For example, within the operator %7.3f, the precision is 3. For the %g operator, the precision shows the variety of serious digits to display. For the %f, %e, and %E operators, the precision shows what percentage digits to show to the proper of the decimal point. BThe enter information are double-precision floating-point values as opposed to unsigned integers. For example, to print a double-precision worth in hexadecimal, use a format like %bx.

Even extra alternatives can be found for controlling the output of numbers with the string formatting operator. Consult the Python documentation for details, underneath the part on sequence varieties inside the Python Library Reference. The "Format specifications" are used inside alternative fields contained inside a format string to outline how particular person values are presented.

Formatting floating-point numbers by specifying the precision helps manage info visually. To format numbers in Python, our go-to system is string.format() such as equally float formatting and integer formatting. The dictionary returned by locals() should be utilized as a parameter of the string format method. This method we will use all of the nearby variable names inside a format string.

The values might be literals, variables or arbitrary arithmetic expressions. Python v2.7 launched a brand new string fomatting method, that's now the default in Python3. I began this string formatting cookbook as a fast reference to assist me format numbers and strings.

Thanks to different contributors I've expanded the examples over time. Pandas defines a number-format pseudo CSS attribute rather than the .formatmethod to create to_excel permissible formatting. Note that semi-colons are CSS protected characters however used as separators in Excel's format string. Replace semi-colons with the part separator character (ASCII-245) when defining the formatting here. As proven within the above example, nf() is used to add zeros to the left and/or precise of a number.

To dispose of digits from a floating-point number, use the int(), ceil(), floor(), or round()functions. The precision seriously is not allowed for integer, character, Boolean, and pointer values. Note that a C string have to be null-terminated even when precision is specified. So far, we've exceeded integers, floats, and strings into the str.format() method, however we may cross variables via the method. Because the placeholders are alternative fields, you can actually pad or create area spherical a component by rising subject measurement via further parameters.

This could very well be helpful once we have to arrange a quantity of knowledge visually. If your perform name delivers extra enter arguments than there are formatting operators within the format specifier, then the operators are reused. However, solely perform calls that use sequential ordering reuse formatting operators. You can't reuse formatting operators if you employ numbered identifiers. If the sector width w is bigger than p+1+n, then the full a half of the output worth is padded to the left with w-(p+1+n) further characters.

The further characters are area characters until the formatting operator contains the zero flag. The formatting operator follows a algorithm for formatting output textual content to the required subject width and precision. You can additionally specify values for the sector width and precision exterior the format specifier, and use numbered identifiers with the sector width and precision. In this example, the values of the key-phrase arguments x, y, and z take the place of the alternative fields , , and , respectively.

First, we'll create an inventory with a wide variety of floating numbers. Then, we'll use for loop to take each merchandise from the record and format it accordingly. We will use the variable numbers to symbolize numbers contained within the list. We will print the floating numbers within the record one after the other with fastened numbers of digits after the decimal. Often it would be best to regulate the best means a variable is printed.

You will probably need to solely present a couple of decimal places, or print in scientific notation, or embed the end in a string. Here are some examples of printing with no manipulate over the format. Following style codes are used to format floating factors and decimal values. If any of the formatting operators incorporate an identifier field, then all of the operators within the format specifier have to incorporate identifier fields. In every case, use a numbered identifier to specify that the sector width or precision come from enter arguments that comply with the format specifier.

How Many Districts Are In Saudi Arabia

Therefore, this study used known community profile indicators to assess the geographic accessibility of existing dental services in the city of Al Madina, Saudi Arabia. Geographic coordinates were identified for 33 primary clinics and 48 private clinics. The Al Madina metropolitan area, containing 1,105,465 residents, was divided into 103 districts, in accordance with the 2010 population census. Clinic locations and the number of dentists at each clinic were integrated with the city's population census data within each district, using a geographic information system. The city metropolitan area consisted of 103 neighborhoods with a total of 1,105,465 residents (715,980 Saudis and 389,485 non-Saudis).

Thirty-three fixed public primary dental clinics and 48 private dental clinics were geocoded within the municipality. The city exhibited an overall practice-to-population ratio of one dental clinic per 13,647 residents. More clinics (55% public and 58% private) were located within 3 km of the city center. Notably, 8% of the population was located more than 10 km from the city center. A total of 37% of the city's districts were identified as areas of relative need; these were primarily located in peripheral metropolitan areas. This study depicts a clear example of the inverse care law, where people living in outer metropolitan areas have less spatial access to dental care than those living in inner metropolitan areas.

The continuing presence of the wildtype haplotype and minor difference in genotypes between mosquitoes in Al Safa and Al Rawabi suggest that selection for pyrethroid resistance may be patchy between districts in Jeddah. Changes in genotype frequencies over time also suggest that selection for pyrethroid resistance may be ongoing. A future area of our research, in which we look at fine-scale population genomics of Ae. Aegypti in our study areas of Jeddah, will provide further information as to whether the resistance in the populations has arisen from local selection or by invasion of resistant mosquitoes from other regions.

The presence of the triple mutant, which is only found in mosquito populations from a few regions throughout the world, suggests that local selection for resistance is likely in Jeddah. Our results provide preliminary insight into differences between Ae. Aegypti populations in Jeddah and those from some other parts of the world.

Screening of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel , the pyrethroid target site, revealed mutations at codons 989, 1016 and 1534 in Ae. The triple mutant homozygote (1016G/1534C/989P) was confirmed from Al Safa and Al Rawabi. Bioassays with pyrethroids and DDT showed that mosquitoes were resistant to each of these compounds based on WHO definitions. An association between Vssc mutations and resistance was established for the Type II pyrethroid, deltamethrin, with one genotype (989P/1016G/1534F) conferring a survival advantage over two others (989S/1016V/1534C and the triple heterozygote). An indication of synergism of Type I pyrethroid activity with piperonyl butoxide suggests that detoxification by cytochrome P450s accounts for some of the pyrethroid resistance response in Ae. Dengue suppression often relies on control of the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, through applications of insecticides of which the pyrethroid group has played a dominant role.

Aegypti around the world, and the resulting reduction of insecticide efficacy is likely to exacerbate the impact of dengue. Dengue has been a public health problem in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Jeddah, since its discovery there in the 1990s, and insecticide use for vector control is widespread throughout the city. An alternative approach to insecticide use, based on blocking dengue transmission in mosquitoes by the endosymbiont Wolbachia, is being trialed in Jeddah following the success of this approach in Australia and Malaysia. The main objective of this paper is to use Geographical Information Systems for identifying spatial accessibility to health centers in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia based on the drive-time analysis technique. A geo-database was created that includes the location of health centers, population distribution, and road networks.

ArcGIS Network Analyst and overlay analyses were selected as the analysis tools for this paper. The results of the paper indicate that health centers that are located in the northern districts of Jeddah City have fewer registered patients. There are several areas of Jeddah City that have low accessibility to health centers because they fall outside the 30 min drive-time service area. These are located mainly in western, central, and northern city districts.

Local health planners in Jeddah City can use the created application to allocate additional health centers in these less-served districts. The triple mutant homozygote (1016G/1534C/989P) (genotype K—Fig.3) can now be confirmed from Al Safa and Al Rawabi districts, having been found previously only as a heterozygote in this region , suggesting that Ae. Aegypti from Saudi Arabia may have a unique population history which could be further explored in a full genomic analysis. The implications of the triple mutant and genotypes I–L on pyrethroid resistance levels are not well understood, but their presence provides an opportunity to study effects of these genotypes in more detail in bioassays and fitness experiments. Although the triple mutant genotype is rare in the populations of Ae.

Two triple homozygous mutants were found in the live pool of our bioassay with permethrin 0.75%. Aegypti around the world , and the resulting reduction of insecticide efficacy is likely to be exacerbating the impact of dengue and of chikungunya, a second flavivirus that circulates in Saudi Arabia . Insecticide resistance threatens the long-term utility of vector control in this region. Hence, an alternative approach based on blocking dengue transmission in mosquitoes by the endosymbiont Wolbachia is being trialed following the success of this approach in suppressing dengue in other countries . Preparation for a release of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes for control of dengue transmission has commenced in the Al Safa and Al Rawabi districts of Jeddah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Aljamaa Municipality, in which Al Rawabi is located, had the highest numbers of both Ae. Aegypti and Culex mosquitoes out of all Municipalities of Jeddah over a 2-month collection period in 2015–2016 . Al Safa is located in the Almatar Municipality, where moderate to high numbers of Ae. The Kingdom is divided into 13 administrative regions, each organized into districts.

Regional governors, typically from the royal family, preside over municipal councils. Along with their councils, governors are responsible for finance, health, education, agriculture, and municipalities. The consultative principle operates at all levels of government, including governing villages and tribes. Knowledge of the insecticide resistance status of mosquito populations in Jeddah is one prerequisite for establishing a Wolbachia-based dengue control program.

The presence and frequency of the mutants can be used as a measure of resistance in the local population of Ae. Aegypti that can be compared with Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes destined for release. Mosquitoes are screened for mutations in the Vssc, the target site of pyrethroid insecticides and DDT , to characterize the population from the field for comparison with the future population for release. Although a Wolbachia program is not based on insecticide use, it is a reality that released mosquitoes will be exposed to insecticides in the field and therefore must initially be able to survive in such an environment.

As the world's 13th largest country by area, it is no surprise that Saudia Arabia is also one of the most populous countries in the world. The city of Riyadh is the country's largest, boasting a population of over 4 million, which contributes heavily to the total population. In addition to Riyadh, there are three additional cities that have populations exceeding one million. There are also 19 cities that have over 100,000 residents, and an additional 44 that each surpass the 10,000 person milestone. Each region also has a capital and governorates, which are further divided into sub-governorates.

Very little is known about dental health care service distribution or geographic access factors (travel time, distance, etc.) within Saudi Arabia metropolitan areas. Aegypti from two districts of Jeddah representing potential future release sites for Wolbachia mosquitoes for control of dengue. The populations are not fixed for one genotype, but genotypes A, B, C are common, and no homozygote wildtype individuals were found in the sample.

A wildtype haplotype exists, at least in Al Rawabi, so it is possible that homozygous wildtype individuals may occur in the population, albeit rarely. There is no indication that this haplotype still exists in Al Safa, but increased sampling might still find it. No instances of a mutation at codons 410 or 1763 were observed in the samples screened, indicating lack of independent selection or contact of the mosquito populations with those from Taiwan , Brazil , Mexico or West and Central Africa . Our study takes a different approach in that after characterizing Vssc mutations in Ae.

How many districts are in Saudi Arabia Aegypti from two districts of Jeddah, we compare the mutations with those in Ae. With such a large population, the majority of Saudi Arabian residents live in the urbanized cities. Just 17% of the population lives in the country's rural areas, while the remaining 83% live in the larger cities that provide more opportunities, both in industries including oil, finance and agriculture, and education.

This is a dramatic decrease from the 1960 recorded rural population of 69% of the population. Like many other countries, however, the development and expansion of cities, combined with migrants and natives moving to the cities, has contributed to the decline in rural populations. The Governorate of Hadhramout is located in the southeastern part of the Republic of Yemen, 794 kilometers east of the capital of Sana'a, between Al-Mahra to the east and Al-Jawf, Marib, and Shabwah to the west. The governorate is divided administratively into 28 districts, with the city of Mukalla as its capital. This astronaut photograph depicts the downtown district of Al Balad, a residential area historically occupied by wealthy merchants. A major roadway running along the coast, Corniche Road, is a locus for Jeddah nightlife, restaurants, and shopping centers.

In addition to urban attractions, coral reefs along the coast (north-south trending islands at image left) are frequented by divers visiting the city. Saudi Arabia is attempting to develop a long-term tourism business that respects Islamic ideals, heritage, and traditions. The city of Jeddah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's second capital, and the district known as "Al-Balad", which is located in the city's core, is a historical neighborhood known for its old structures and multi-story houses. Since 1947, the historical monuments in the Al-Balad region have faced major and challenging issues as a result of neglect and a failure to maintain them. To protect this historical architectural heritage, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization has designated Jeddah's historic area as a World Heritage Site. The purpose of this research is to identify historical sites in the city of Al-Balad using existing maps, field surveys, and the design and creation of a spatial database that can be used with geographic information systems .

To address these issues, this study developed a location allocation model for EHFs to ensure equitable and efficient access to healthcare services for the elderly in LAHCs. Methods Based on discrete location theory, this paper develops a two-stage optimization model for the spatial allocation of EHFs in LAHCs. In the first stage, the candidate locations of EHFs are specified using geographic information system techniques. In the second stage, the optimal location and size of each EHF are determined based on the greedy algorithm . Finally, the proposed two-stage optimization model is tested using the Daishan LAHC in Nanjing, Eastern China.

Results The demand of the elderly for accessibility to EHFs is in line with Nanjing's planning standards. Deep insights into spatial data are revealed by GIS techniques that enable candidate locations of EHFs to be obtained. In addition, the model helps EHF planners achieve equity and efficiency simultaneously. Two optimal locations for EHFs in the Daishan LAHC are identified, which in turn verifies the validity of the model. Conclusions As a strategy for allocating EHFs, this two-stage model improves the equity and efficiency of access to healthcare services for the elderly by optimizing the potential sites for EHFs.

It can also be used to assist policymakers in providing adequate healthcare services for the low-income elderly. Furthermore, the model can be extended to the allocation of other public-service facilities in different countries or regions. Although resistance to three insecticides which target the Vssc was detected in bioassays in the Ae. Aegypti from Jeddah in this study, the only clear association between Vssc mutations and resistance was established for the Type II pyrethroid, deltamethrin, with genotype A conferring a survival advantage compared with genotypes B or C . Genotype A is known to reduce the sensitivity of the Vssc for both Type I and Type II pyrethroids , but in our study there was no obvious effect for Type I (permethrin 0.75%) or DDT.

It may be that this lack of effect is concentration related and a different concentration of permethrin or DDT would reveal a segregation of genotypes between dead and surviving mosquitoes as reported from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia . Aegypti from Malaysia , a survival advantage over wildtype was conferred to mosquitoes by genotypes B and C when exposed to permethrin 0.25%. The results provide a baseline for monitoring and management of resistance as well as knowledge of Vssc genotype frequencies required in Wolbachia release populations to ensure homogeneity with the target field population.

Vssc mutation haplotypes observed show some similarity with those from Ae. Aegypti in southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific, but the presence of the triple mutant haplotype in three genotypes indicates that the species in this region may have a unique population history. King Fahd road is the main road in Riyadh city and considered as the most beautiful street of Riyadh.

Many business places in Riyadh prefer to locate their head offices on King Fahd road, and headquarters of major companies and organizations are located on both sides of the road. Huge malls, business towers and skyscrapers are widely distributed on this road. However, many roads are becoming more attractive to businesses as King Fahd road is now crowded most times of the day. King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz road, Mohammed bin Fahd "Tahlia", Prince Sultan, north ring road have all became alternatives for business and companies' head offices. The main Eastern Ring Road connects the city's south and north, while the Northern Ring Road connects the city's east and west.

King Fahd Road runs through the center of the city from north to south, in parallel with the East Ring Road. Two future railway projects connecting Riyadh withJeddahandMeccain the western region and connecting Riyadh withBuraidah,Ha'iland Northern Saudi Arabia are underway. Therefore, expats should respect traditional social attitudes and conform to social etiquette. The capital city has a population of approximately seven million and is on a desert plateau; this is the seat of power of the royal family and government. Some 950,000 cubic meters of water is pumped here every day because this arid plain cannot match water demand. This comes from seawater desalination plants located on the coast 600km away.

The consequences of insecticide resistance in insect vectors of disease have severe implications for human health. Multiple studies characterise mutations in the Vssc gene of the dengue vector, Ae. Aegypti, around the world and attempt to relate mutation status to local resistance phenotype (for example, ) or, in other cases, to investigate physiological effects of the mutations, which leads to identification of those that play a causal role (for example, ). Such studies are useful in aiding prediction about which types of pyrethroid insecticide might succeed or fail in controlling the mosquito if applied alongside knowledge of metabolic resistance status. The kingdom's 284 local councils handle municipal issues, and candidates campaigned to fix roads, improve health care access and open public parks. Only two-thirds of the council members are elected; the rest will be appointed by the government.

The greatest continuing medical education need for doctors was the management of cardiovascular emergencies (72.3%). Many doctors (40.4%) did not consider the majority of cases as true emergencies. Many patients (43.7%) used the centres for emergency services, the most common being trauma, burns and orthopaedics (47.8%).

Most patients were satisfied overall with emergency services (82.2%). The city of Jeddah is the second largest city in Saudi Arabia , and is the country's most important Red Sea port. A large warehouse and dock complex is visible in the lower left portion of this astronaut photograph. Apart from being a major port for exchange of goods with Africa and Europe, Jeddah is of great importance for Islamic pilgrims going east to Mecca . Tradition also places the final resting place of the Biblical Eve in Jeddah, although the tomb was destroyed over fifty years ago. Due to a steady influx of travelers, the city contains many hotels, resorts, shopping centers, and other attractions.

One such apartment complex, comprised of multiple high-rise buildings, is visible in the right of the image. But continuous urban population explosion challenges the urban planners that how to maintain standard healthcare infrastructure and services (Lawal & Anyiam, 2019;Murad, 2008). The urban area with a large population size has a demand for improved accessibility of healthcare centres and services (Murad, 2008;McGrail & Humphreys, 2014;Mansour, 2016). Besides, urban healthcare centres also providing services to their rural counterpart as most of the urban areas acting as a district or block headquarter, particularly in developing countries (Christaller, 1966;Mansour, 2016;Sedenu et al., 2016). The rapid growth of urban population demands affordable healthcare facilities (Alabi, 2011;Danjuma, 2015;Lawal & Anyiam, 2019). From the 1940s, Riyadh "mushroomed" from a relatively narrow, spatially isolated town into a spacious metropolis.

When King Saud came to power, he made it his objective to modernize Riyadh, and began developing Annasriyyah, the royal residential district in 1950. Following the example of American cities, new settlements and entire neighborhoods were created in grid-like squares of a chess board created and connected by high-performance main roads to the inner areas. The population growth of the town from 1974–1992 averaged 8.2 percent per year.